Osmosis, Endocytosis, Mitosis, Oh My!

April 10th, 7:15 PM

Facilitated Diffusion- The process of moving impermeable molecules across a membrane (down their concentration gradients) using channels or pores

Osmosis- The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane in response to an imbalance of solute

There are three types of solutions in biology:

1. Isotonic- Solutes and water are equally concentrated within and outside the cell

2. Hypotonic- Low solute concentration and a high concentration of water compared to the cell's cytoplasm

3. Hypertonic- High solute concentration (low water concentration) compared to cell cytoplasm

Filtration

- A passive process of moving material through a cell membrane

- Uses a pressure gradient (high P --> low P)

- Hydrostatic pressure is the driving force

ACTIVE TRANSPORT- REQUIRES ATP

1. Primary Active Transport/Solute pumps

- Moves ions from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration

2. Endocytosis and exocytosis

- Endocytosis: Material is engulfed within an infolding of the plasma membrane and then brought into the cell within a cytoplasmic vesicle

- Phagocytosis: The uptake of large soluid particles such as bacteria (cell eating)

- Pinocytosis: The uptake of fluid and any small molecules dissolved within it (cell drinking)

- Exocytosis: The reverse of endocytosis (internal vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases material to the outside)

Mitosis

- The process of cell proliferation/cell division

- 4 main phases: Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Prophase

- Nucleus disappears

- Chromatin condenses into chromosomes

- Separation of entrosomes

- Formation of the miotic spindle

End: 8:00 PM. This marks 8 hours of pre-proposal capacity building towards my senior project.

#chemistry #anatomy #capacitybuilding #seniorproject #cells #physiology #molecularbiology